The Economic Hardships Experienced By Many Native Americans

The economic hardships experienced by many native Americans living on reservations, are undoubtedly one of the greatest threats and challenges which these communities are faced with today. The lack of good employment opportunities for the native people, along with the policies enacted by the Federal Government over the years, have been catastrophic for the future of these regions. These policies have led to the dramatic societal problems, which most Indian communities are currently fighting with and to the deepening of the already present issues. In order to fully understand the problem, one must analyze its various aspects, by first finding its root causes and afterwards look at good and positive examples, which could be used as a†¦show more content†¦People which have been at the very bottom of the social pyramid throughout the entire history of the United States and who continue to be there even today. Over the many decades following the establishment of the United States of America, the Native American population has gone through an insurmountable amount of pain and suffering. Unfortunately, most of this pain and suffering have been caused by the Federal Government and its policies, which have proven to be not only racist and discriminatory, but at times even genocidal. There are many examples of such policies, but the most general and well known are Andrew Jackson’s Indian Removal Act of 1830, as well as the boarding school system established in the 1870s by Richard Pratt, aimed at stripping the â€Å"savage† Native American children from their culture and teaching them the â€Å"proper† white Euro-American way of life. Yet, probably the longest lasting negative consequences of the aforementioned policies, combined with the loss of their land and the creation of reservations, are the economic misfortunes which have accompanied Indians, ever since first contact with the Europeans was established, so many centuries ago. These ec onomic difficulties have led to the rapid increase in illnesses among Native Americans and the extremely high probability of self-destructive behavior by reservation residents. Currently no other ethnic group in the United StatesShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of New Plants, Animals, And Technologies Altered The Natural ( Physical ) Environment Of North America1306 Words   |  6 Pagesaltered the natural (physical) environment of North America. Think Columbian Exchange. The introduction of new plants, animals and technologies had great impact on North America’s environment. 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Pollution As An Environmental Problem - 1426 Words

POLLUTION AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM Introduction The environment is always facing sudden changes due to natural forces like the eruption of volcanic and earthquakes. However human activities have in the recent times being blamed as the major contributor to the majority of the environmental problems that there are today. Among the numerous environmental issues is pollution. Human activities have been solely responsible for soil, water, and air pollution that has made the entire environment polluted thus becoming a health hazard to all animals, plants, and people living in it. This is because all living things whether plants or animals depends on water, soils and air for survival. Strategies for promoting positive environmental behavior- Pollution As human beings are the sole contributors to pollution, it is possible to reduce pollution to minimal levels that cannot harm environmental dependants. Human beings should be aware of the fact that, they fully depend on the environment for fresh air, food, water, and good health. Thus polluting the environment means the beginning of the end of mankind and all that the world holds. Apparently, if positive behavior is adapted towards the environment, this means eternity of humanity as well as other living things around the world. Different kinds of pollution are caused by numerous factors. Air pollution is as a result of gas emission from factories, motor vehicles, or any machine in motion. Water pollution is as a result of chemicalShow MoreRelatedThe Environmental Problems Of Marine Pollution968 Words   |  4 PagesToday, however, the ocean and all life there is experiencing serious environmental problems. It has been stated, â€Å"A staggering amount of waste - much of which has o nly existed for the past 60 years or so - enters the oceans each year† (WWF). 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Theory and Practice of Family Therapy and Counseling

Question: Discuss about the Theory and Practice of Family Therapy and Counseling. Answer: Introduction Issues in families can arise even in the healthiest of situations, which ultimately leads to frustration, pain and challenging interactions. These issues bring in resentments, irritations, disappointments, anger and guiltiness among the members. Families are for support and love. However, in some families, there are disconnection, misunderstanding, stress and unfulfilled needs. These kinds of family issues can influence the relation among family members negatively. Some major issues that affect the relationship amongst family members include financial concerns, substance abuse, divorce issues, chronic diseases, academic issues in children and other health concerns. However, families can take the help of professional to assist them in addressing these concerns. In such cases, several family therapy theories can help (Carlson et al., 2013). Treating psychological problems within families with the help of theories did not start until the middle of 1950s. It evolved from the existing paradigms of psychoanalysis, and today more contemporary cultural influences are favouring the faster approach of providing therapy to families as opposed to every individual member of the family. This advent of providing therapy to family brought in a completely new way of comprehending and elucidating human behaviour and conduct. Modern contextual perspectives repositioned the accountability of the concerns and the centre of therapy from private internal worlds to the whole family. This shift also called for a new way to define the existence of emotional distress. In this context, several concepts and theories in this field were developed and then influenced the development of family theory (Barker Chang, 2013). In this study, different family therapy theories would be discussed and explored to intervene in Bob and Jills case. The two theo ries discussed in this study are the theory of feminism and theory of post-structuralism. Theory of feminism is used in therapies that require equalising the efforts of both man and woman. Post-structuralism theory is used in family therapies where there is a need of analysing a situation in different ways instead of only one approach. Theory of Feminism Feminist therapy is a man focused, politically instructed demonstrate that positions treatment inside a social setting. It will probably engage the individual in treatment, empowering that individual to possibly address parts of social change, support the self and build up a solid self-thought, and redo and redesign particular sentiments about character. A therapist will work for the most part work to adjust slant, exhibit an aggregate view of abuse, and offer a certifiable, non-dynamic relationship that underlines shared attribute and correspondence. Those in treatment may share their particular stories and in addition get some answers concerning the therapist's encounters. This sort of therapy as frequently as conceivable has the impact of blending those in treatment to affect social change, and people may in like way, through therapy, wind up being better arranged to perceive themselves (Braverman, 2013). Sex is a critical thought in feminist therapy. Individuals often swell sexual presentation in with normal sex, and however various individuals do perceive their sex consequently, different more don't. A particular significance of original presentation can be influenced by things, for example, mental points of view and encounters, societal models and desires, social sentiments and customs, typical questions and contrasts, and theories and inclinations (Bograd, 2014). Feminist therapists may give careful thought to sexual acquaintance hypotheses and inclinations with help those they are treating see how they were connected to sex. Sexual presentation hypotheses here and there incite questionable points of view toward a specific sex, and these mentalities can add to separation, misuse, hurt, and other hazardous encounters. Feminist therapy can help individuals better portray their sexual acquaintance character altogether with both better understand themselves and society (Bepko, 2014). Feminist therapy's accurate perception of sexual presentation settles on it a strong decision for individuals who are transgender or sex assortment. Right when a man's sexual presentation character or expression contrasts from the sex transferred in the midst of work, or when a man's sex is not effectively identifiable, feedback and separation occasionally result. Different people have been hurt by prompting, viciousness, and human rights infringement. These encounters may lead some to scan for remedial reinforce recalling an ultimate goal to address these issues, and moreover any mental torment they may seeing along these lines, and investigate their sexual presentation personality in a guaranteed situation (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2016). Nevertheless, feminist therapy has contained women helping women, show day feminist therapy is enthusiastic about couples, families, kids, and individuals of any sex. Since the mending relationship is an affiliation, men, correspondingly as whatever another get-together, will customarily envision that it is basic first to understand what they require from treatment. For instance, a therapist may help a man perceive how his original presentation part has restricted him by some methods or fortify him in investigating the ways society has affected his capacity to express feeling. Some extraordinary issues tended to might join closeness, emotionality, defencelessness, and the support of affiliations that are not in light of a power chain of noteworthiness (Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2012). Feminism and its integration in family therapy have the potential for freeing changes to happen in the relationship between women, men and kids. Bitter (2013) opines that a feminist utilisation of psychotherapy brings up the issue about the focal presumptions of the work of psychotherapy. There are two or three reasons why feminist therapy made. The goals of feminist therapy is that the customer will twist up noticeably mindful of one's sexual presentation part socialization process, to see covered sex part messages and supplant them with convenient sentiments, to motivate aptitudes to achieve change in the earth, to build up a wide collection of practices that are uninhibitedly lifted and to contort up perceivably truly controlled. The primary subjects are investigating weight and preventions, understanding control and power issues, checking on outside obliged that affect coordinate, comprehending how to perceive fitting commitment, looking at one's values and examining the signific ance of life. It is vital that the feminist therapist bears on in a libertarian part. To do in like manner, they should be touchy to the way that they may abuse their imperativeness in a relationship, not diagnosing superfluously, not giving understandings or heading, not tolerating the unapproachable ace part, and utilising self-prologue to diminish uneven control characteristics between the customer and the therapist. Systems that are utilized by therapists solidify helping the customer understand the effect of sex parts in their lives, to give customers data into ways social issues affect their issues, to underscore control contrasts among men and ladies by and large society eye, to help customers see distinctive sorts of imperativeness that they have and how they and others sharpen their essentialness (Garner Enns, 2012). The benchmarks of feminist therapy include (Burt, 2012): Personal and political setting: A man's issues are reviewed inside the course of action of the individual's social, political, or social setting. Commitment to social change: The reason for therapy is to help the individual and furthermore to have a valuable outcome on society. The value of changing points of view: The restorative framework respects and invites alternative points of view. A libertarian relationship: The medicinal relationship is set up to demystify therapy and to keep a power massiveness between the therapist and the individual in treatment A quality centred approach: A therapist may keep up a central division from illustrative engravings, rename eager success issues, and highlight the attributes of the individual in therapy. Recognition of a broad assortment of persecution: Therapists traditionally express certification of the way that manhandles is harming to all individuals. Theory of Poststructuralism Poststructuralism is a point of view that is exploring a fragment of the suppositions of structuralism. Its birthplaces can be taken after different French learned people, for example, Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida, and has in this way been impacting all the distinctive fields in which structuralist strategies for determination have gotten hold (Hanssen, 2014). In structuralism, the motivation behind the request is to channel for 'noteworthy structures' or 'focal truths' about individuals. Such a look for 'critical structures' or 'basic truths' can be objective. It is 'critical structure' (e.g., inside identity) that shapes life. Our contemplations, issues, qualities, are related with some inside self. Our characters are settled and important - to be found inside our internal identities. Our characters are ceaselessly reliable. Poststructuralism trusts it is essential to attract regard for the legitimate impacts of the way toward chasing down 'critical structures' or 'urgent tr uths'. One of these impacts in the success purposes behind living has been the progress of different measures and insights on what individuals' lives ought to look like recalling an ultimate goal to be solid. What we are examining for, what we recognise and where we begin from will shape both what we look like and what we will discover. Vernacular and the utilisation of dialect acknowledge an essential part in encircling life (Panizza Miorelli, 2013). What individuals say and do and how we identify with every unusual shapes life, the recommendations that we suit the occasions in our lives, and how we manage these into stories about moreover different people and shapes life, contemplations, our issues, qualities, ourselves are all outcomes of culture and history. They have been put aside a couple of minutes and especially settings. Our characters are reliably made in association with others, with establishments and with more expansive relations of imperativeness. Our characters are m ade up, and relentlessly being made up, of different (every so often conflicting) stories (Barry, 2013). The understanding that our characters are not settled, that they are generally in the midst of the time spent being made is peopling see contrastingly what is occurring in the therapy room. It makes them assume that therapists are in the matter of peopling in the creation and diversion of their personalities (Norton, 2014). The probability of a character being something that is made in association with others, instead of something internal, surmises individuals are attempting now to dependably make a crowd of people to witness the developments that some individual is making in their life. In spite of whether this is having individuals come into the room, or us getting others up with the movements through shaping, people are continually hectically considering who may regard witness this new change. Seeing that the personalities are socially made means individuals are before long more vigilant for how their lives are affected by history, culture, sex, sexuality, class and other more wi de relations of imperativeness. Through drawing in with poststructuralist contemplations, individuals are coming to grasp that their understandings are never targeted, reasonable or respect free. This is requesting that they audit their particular viewpoints and to check compelling their contemplations on others (Carter, 2013). Structuralism gets finally from chronicled foundation. It expects that on the off chance that we watch conclusively, gather information purposefully, and make perceptive clarifications then we can achieve responsible decisions about language and the world (Jackson, 2014). Post-structuralism gets at last from considering. Its systems reliably start by raising instability about what is usually slandered as fundamentally the way things may be. Post-structuralism secures this slant for distrust and increases it. Poststructuralist making tends on to be on a very basic level more emotive. Intermittently the tone is genuine and euphoric, and the style splendid and reluctantly vainglorious. Post-structuralism is out and out more fundamentalist in asking for the delayed consequences of the view that reality itself is academic. Post-structuralism makes what challenged a person to twist up without a doubt terminal nerves about the likelihood of accomplishing any information through vernacular. The verbal sign, in its view, is industriously skimming free of the idea it should dole out. Along these lines, words are constantly dirtied by their inverse energiesyou cannot depict night without reference to a day, or mind blowing without reference to elusive (McNamara, 2012). As per the definition of post structuralism, the issues faced by the members of the family are not imagined, but are active processes. Analysis of the Case Study The family is experiencing family issues from family relationship issues, scholarly and behavioural issues. Other than depending on benefits, Bob is a sole provider for the family and acts as a handyman. Nevertheless, he is jobless right now prompting budgetary requirements. Apparently, the youngsters not nearer to their folks prompting covered feelings of hatred amongst them and their folks. The youngsters, particularly Anthony and Andrew feel that their parent is the reason for their dejection and has come about into investing more energy with their uncle, John. From the case, it appears that John is occupied with some naughtiness that is by all accounts influencing the two young men. Lisa, the most youthful youngster, requests a great deal than their folks can offer. The entire circumstance has achieved distress among the guardians too with Jill reprimanding Uncle John for deluding the kids. Unmistakably, this family requires therapy/intercession. The Feminist theory can be applied to Bob, who is the sole bread earner of the family. It is basic for men to have a touch of feminist office. If feminism is to satisfy its objective of freeing women, men must be a touch of the battle. In reality, men without a doubt bear a more unmistakable measure of the commitment as for finishing misuse of ladies since patriarchal men host been the important blameworthy gatherings of that real abuse. Any substantive theory for social change must offer something to most if not all people from society. Theories, which use hypothetical and elitist lingo, will not be interested in the abused get-togethers most requiring a social value. The theory of poststructuralism can be applied to the situation with Anthony. He behaves rudely with his parents, complaining that they do nothing and abuses them. He gets involved in acts of vandalism too. There are different ways to interpret why he is behaving in this way. According to the theory, there is no one wa y in which his behaviour can be categorised. To solve Bobs hardship of being the sole bread earner in the family, the feminist theory can suggest gender equality in the sphere of educational access, equal pay and ending of gender differences, which can make Jill another bread earner for the family. Both of them can take charge of childcare and housework putting an economic value on individual responsibilities. In the case of Anthony, applying post-structuralism theory asks for looking at his behaviour from a different perspective and finding out what can be the real reason behind his conduct. In the context of post structuralism, every form of experience or action is explainable from different perspectives. Therefore, solving Anthonys problems would require second opinions and looking at things from a different angle. Conclusion In this welcomed production, I address the effect of feminist theory in the family takes a gander at, hurling a basic viewpoint on guessing in both feminist reviews and family considers. I review pointers of the effect of feminist theory on the examination of families and consider the procedure with weights in feminist family theory. Through works that mirror some of my instructive encounters, I talk about a confirmation of articles and books that have been persuading in setting up the gathering of information related to feminist family mulls over. Feminism is to crane ladies, and it supports wise talks and progressions to battle for same rights. It offers support to adversary men, for we can fight with them and outperform wants in any calling or field. Feminism takes the smooth quiet, cut down woman, and changes her into a woman of substance, a woman with strength, and a woman willing to hit a grand slam bat for what she has confided in. Feminism is given to changing every social re quest mentality concerning women, and different minorities. We were all around made indistinguishably; we ought to all be overseen in that breaking point. Post-structuralists call our supposition self "subjectivity." Subjectivity joins our examinations, our recollections, our fantasies, and our feelings. This subjectivity looks for the most part from our conditions, condition, and the learning and practices we find in individuals when all is said in one eye. In any case, in our predictable, ordinary habitations, we see more than one sort of information and more than one procedure for finishing things. There are different, and sometimes, they are in strife. So we, as subjects, are endlessly engineeringpicking one position and a while later another constantly. One minute we pick the general position, the going with we revolt, and the going with we attempt to join clashing positions. References Barker, P., Chang, J. (2013).Basic family therapy. John Wiley Sons. Barry, P. (2013).Beginning theory: An introduction to literary and cultural theory. Oxford University Press. Bepko, C. (2014).Feminism and addiction. Routledge. Bitter, J. R. (2013).Theory and practice of family therapy and counseling. Cengage Learning. Bograd, M. (2014).Feminist approaches for men in family therapy. Routledge. Braverman, L. (2013).Women, feminism and family therapy. Routledge. Burt, H. (2012). Women, art therapy and feminist theories of development.Revisiting Feminist Approaches to Art Therapy, New York: Berghahn Books, 74-90. Capuzzi, D., Stauffer, M. D. (2016).Counseling and psychotherapy: Theories and interventions. John Wiley Sons. Carlson, J., Carlson, J., Psyd, E., Sperry, L., Lewis, J. A. (2013).Family therapy techniques: Integrating and tailoring treatment. Routledge. Carter, P. M. (2013). Poststructuralist theory and sociolinguistics: Mapping the linguistic turn in social theory.Language and Linguistics Compass,7(11), 580-596. Garner, J. D., Enns, C. Z. (2012).Feminist theories and feminist psychotherapies: Origins, themes, and diversity. Routledge. Goldenberg, H., Goldenberg, I. (2012).Family therapy: An overview. Cengage Learning. Hanssen, B. (2014).Critique of violence: between poststructuralism and critical theory. Routledge. Jackson, L. (2014).The poverty of structuralism: literature and structuralist theory. Routledge. McNamara, T. (2012). Poststructuralism and its challenges for applied linguistics.Applied linguistics, ams055. Norton, B. (2014). Identity and poststructuralist theory in SLA.Multiple perspectives on the self in SLA, 59-74. Panizza, F., Miorelli, R. (2013). Taking discourse seriously: discursive institutionalism and post-structuralist discourse theory.Political Studies,61(2), 301-318. Fuss, D. (2013).Essentially speaking: Feminism, nature and difference. Routledge. Luke, C., Gore, J. (2014).Feminisms and critical pedagogy. Routledge. Springer, S. (2012). Neoliberalism as discourse: between Foucauldian political economy and Marxian poststructuralism.Critical Discourse Studies,9(2), 133-147.