Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Electronic Commerce & Prosper.com Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Electronic Commerce & Prosper.com - Essay Example This form of borrowing and lending is much cheaper unlike the traditional lending businesses like credit cards. Hence, borrowers in pursuit of cheap credit will definitely opt to borrow through prosper.com than their bank. Consequently, according to (Arnold and Harzog 75) the traditional lending/ borrowing businesses are likely to experience a drop in their lending business as more and more Americans are opting for peer-to-peer lending. Secondly, the business model of prosper.com does not require borrowers to deposit collaterals to get loans. Therefore, borrowers in pursuit of small loans will opt for prosper.com due to minimal lending requirements. Subsequently, this will lead to a fall of traditional lending/ borrowing businesses. According to (Arnold and Harzog 78) customers of traditional lending businesses will most likely shift to the peer-to-peer lending business model offered by companies such as prosper.com, because of low interest rates and minimal lending requirements. This will definitely lead to a decline in borrowing from traditional lending

Monday, October 28, 2019

Cultural Assessment - Sweden Essay Example for Free

Cultural Assessment Sweden Essay Culture is a dynamic structure of behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, habits, beliefs, customs, languages, rituals, ceremonies, and practices that are unique to a particular group of people. I see great value in learning about different cultures and about cultural diversity, including a broader perspective of others, enhanced problem-solving ability and creativity, and potential improved productivity in my future workplaces. For this assignment, I have chosen to do a cultural assessment of the Swedish Culture. Doing so has broadened my understanding of the Sweden’s cultural perspectives and will help in bridging cultural gaps with future Swedish clients. I hope this will help me become a more culturally competent nurse and help me in providing optimal, global healthcare in a society which is growing more and more culturally/ethnically diverse. I know first-hand that variation does occur within each cultural group, and there is a tendency to assume that all members of an identified group are the same. Sweden, a country that once reflected only a single or perhaps a few ethnic groups now comprises more than 100 different ethnic groups so for the purposes of this paper, I will write about the Swedish culture as a whole. Sweden is a country on the Scandinavian peninsula in Northern Europe, with it’s capital being Stockholm. It is fourth in size among the European counties, with about 15% of its total area situated north of the Arctic Circle. You would think that the weather in Sweden would be colder year long due to it’s longitude but the average Stockholm’s average temperature is 20-65 degrees Fahrenheit year round. Sweden has a total population of about 9. 4 million people as of 2009 with the majority of residents living in urban areas. Sweden’s capital city, Stockholm, had a population of 1,697,000 in 2005. From 1865 to 1930, nearly 1,400,000 Swedes, emigrated; over 80% went to the United States, and about 15% to other close by countries. This heavy migration ended in the mid-1900s when resource development in Sweden started to keep pace with population growth. Since the early 1970s, there has been a flood of immigration to Sweden, mostly due to refugee migration and family reunification from countries in the Middle East, Africa and Latin America. As far as cultural makeup, the Swedes are primarily Finish, Scandinavians or of German origin. The remaining population is comprised of immigrants, including Danes, Poles, Iraqis, Iranians, Norwegians, Greeks, and Turks. Swedish is the national language in Sweden. It consists of the same letters of the English alphabet in addition to a, a, and o. Many Swedes speak and understand English and German, and to a lesser extent, Finnish. English has been a compulsory subject for all Swedish students since the late 1940s. Swedens high-quality scientific, communication and technological development is renowned throughout the world. The World Economic Forum 2009–2010 competitiveness index ranks Sweden the 4th most competitive economy in the world. Three of Swedens largest industrial corporations are engineering companies: L. M. Ericsson, Volvo, and SAAB-Scania. Ericsson, one of the largest telecom companies in the world was started by Lars Ericsson of Sweden. Technology is prevalent all over Sweden. Swedes are accustomed to communicating through the same technology that is available in the United States. Swedes communicate via. cell phones, internet, media, and print. As far as family roles and organization within Swedish culture, human rights and equality are deeply respected in Sweden. Sweden is one of the most egalitarian societies in the world. Family life is important in typical Swedish families, but family structure is diverse and offers differing lifestyles and beliefs from one family to the next. In a typical family, both parents work. Household chores are usually democratically divided among Swedish family members, regardless of traditional female and male roles and age. Swedish houses tend to be small and tidy. Mutual respect between children and adults is nurtured at an early age. More than 5 percent of the Swedish population are aged 80 or over. Many elderly people in Sweden are in good health and lead active lives. Most live in their own homes by choice, and can do so thanks to public support in the form of home meal delivery, help with cleaning and shopping, transportation and healthcare when needed. Health and social care for the elderly constitutes an important part of Swedish welfare policy. Most elderly care is funded by municipal taxes and government grants. Sweden invests more of its GDP in caring for its elderly than any other country in the world. All Swedish residents are entitled to a guaranteed minimum pension from the age of 65, the standard retirement age in Sweden. In the Swedish healthcare system, responsibility for health and medical care is shared by the central government, county councils and municipalities. Sweden is divided into 290 municipalities, 18 county councils and two regions. Around 90 percent of the Swedish county councils’ work involves healthcare, but they are also involved in other areas, such as culture and infrastructure. Responsibility for providing healthcare is decentralized to the county councils. I learned that county councils are political bodies whose representatives are elected by their residents every four years. Every county council must provide the population with -quality health and medical care, and work toward promoting good health for the entire population. County councils are also responsible for dental care for local residents up to the age of 20. Swedish people have free choice in health care meaning they can obtain care in any of the 60 hospitals in Sweden that provide specialist care, with emergency services 24 hours a day. Eight of these are regional hospitals where highly specialized care is offered and where most teaching and research is based. What’s great is everyone in Sweden has equal access to healthcare services; The Swedish healthcare system is taxpayer-funded. According to the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, a Swedish government expert agency, Sweden is relatively well protected from the spread of communicable diseases. Good hygienic conditions prevail among Swedish society and public health is well developed. Medical progress and preventative measures protect the Swedish population from infections that, in other countries of the world, may cause large scale disasters. Sweden continues to vaccinate, trace infections, fight outbreaks, and engage in research on diseases. Sweden as a whole, maintains a high level of preparedness in order to prevent disease, and avian influenza from gaining a foothold in Sweden. Life expectancy in Sweden continues to rise. In 2008, it was 79 years for men and 83 years for women. Sweden along with Italy has Europe’s largest elderly population as a proportion of the national total. According to www. sweden. se, Sweden’s healthcare system performs well in comparison with other countries at a similar level of development.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Essay on Indifference in Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis

Killing Indifference in The Metamorphosis    Even before the beginning of the story, each member of the Samsa family in Franz Kafka ¹s Metamorphosis serves a specific purpose. Gregor Samsa, the tragic protagonist of the story, performs his job with routine precision. It is this role as a provider that sustains his relationship to his family. But at the onset of the story, Gregor is inexplicably transformed into a  ³gigantic insect. ² (p.67) In addition to jeopardizing his role in both society and work, this transformation severely effects his relationship with his family. The consequent indifference, alienation, and finally hatred that he elicits from his family is the source of his demise. For without the emotional sustenance and the essential role within the family that Gregor had occupied previous to his metamorphosis, he is not able to sustain life.    Even after Gregor has become an insect, his initial reaction is not one of alarm. Surprisingly, his first response is to devise some sort of plan to secure his job and hence his role in the family. The only call to urgency that interrupts his  ³cool reflection ² is the arrival of the chief clerk (p.73). Accordingly, Gregor laments his fate of  ³being condemned to work for a firm where the smallest omission can give rise to the highest suspicion ² (p.74). It is as if he would most likely entirely overlook his more immediate and pressing condition of being an insect if it did not impede his ability to go to work. Gregor, in fact, finally risks bodily harm only due to the  ³agitation ² he feels over the thought of his parents becoming unsettled by their son ¹s tardiness and the pres... ... ² implores Grete to her father while she is persuading him to exterminate the bug(p.125).    But the damage is already done. The Samsa family ¹s exclusion of Gregor is what causes his demise. Even though the description of his death does involve physical characteristics, it is Gregor ¹s memory of his family that effects him the most. During his final moments, he describes the apple which is embedded in his back as  ²...hardly troubl[ing] him ²(p.127). He then proceeds to  ³[think] of his family with tenderness and love ² (p.127). This thought process represents Gregor ¹s need to be at peace with the family of which he was such an integral part prior to his metamorphosis. For without the love and affection and nurture that Gregor both provided and received, he is forced to succumb to his physical demise.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

student :: essays research papers

The first people that came upon the Ice Man were Helmut and Erika Simon that also meant that they were the first two to compromise the integrity of the site. When they got there they moved a birch bark bundle out of the way when they got (Page 8). The next person that came to the site was Markus Pirpamer, the manger of the Weisskugel Lodge. The way he affected the site was when he moved the axe from the rock next to the body to another rock that was close by, in addition to that he did some other general scavenging (Page 13). Anton Koler also came in and looked around the site, he even moved the axe in order to take a better picture of it (17 Page). Markus was the first to remove an item from the site, the axe (Page 17). Hans Kammerlander disturbed the site by taking the stick off the ledge near the string and fur and using it to hack away the ice around the body (Page 23). There are many thing that the could have been done better as far as the excavating of the Ice Man, the biggest being how they did it. Because every showed up at first with the thought of it being a recant accidentally death of a climber, show because of that they took less care of the scene than they would have if the new it was an archeological find. Koler used a mini jackhammer to try and unbury the Ice Man and while doing so he struck the body itself. All the moving around of all the things makes it impossible to know exactly were everything was in relation to Otzi. I has prevented us from learning for sure f this was the original place of death, meaning has the ice melted and moved this whole group half way down the mountain. This is brought up by the fact that the body was found with the blue ski clip, obviously not something from the time of the Otzi. Another thing that went wrong with the excavation is the way he molded because of the way he was left in the ice over night, eve n though covered. When dealing with the Ice Man the archaeologists had to apply different methods at different parts in time. At the very beginning before any of the real excavating had been started there was some relative dating done with the axe, using knowledge of previously found axes of this same type or style to try and put the Otzi in a time period.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Critical analysis of affected of economic crisis on the luxury brand market Essay

I- Introduction Luxury Market has been important parts of the global retail market as well an important part of the global economy. Bain & Company (2011) estimate the value of traditional luxury market including fashion, jewellery and Dinnerware line represents approximately â‚ ¬ 150 billion to â‚ ¬ 200 billion in 2010 which is an dramatic increase from estimate that the global luxury market was worth about $ 86 billion in 1990 (McKinsey & Co, 1990). Since the 1980s, the luxury market has been growing at ten per cent per year. The growth rate of luxury is much higher than the growth rate of the global economy, which makes the luxury industry, relevant and important economic factor in the economy McKinsey (2011). Larousse (2005 p. 762) states: â€Å"Sophistication, which makes the splendour and comfort in the ways to live† The consummation of luxury by customers is due to the motivation to buy specific brands with quality products. The use of its products and consumer motivation are the result of consumption (Ahuvia & Wong, 1998). See more: how to write a good critical analysis essay Uncertainties are present in the current economic climate but Bain & Company (2011) estimates that the luxury market is going to grow in the coming years at about five to six per cent per year around the world and in Asia with more than a ten percent growth rate. As mass market manufacturing increases, companies want to increase the quality of their luxury products in order to retain their customers (Heine, 2011). A better understanding of the effect of the economic crisis on the luxury fashion brands will be identified and understood for the purposes of understanding the effect of the economic crisis on the luxury product industry. Kapferer, (2009) argues that without clear-cut specification of luxury it is impossible to distinguish the luxury consumer or luxury brand, from others who are not. In this thesis the author will start by explaining the aims and how the author intends to achieve his aims. Then a literature review will be undertaken to try and determine and define what luxury is and define various factors, which make a product luxury. The author will also try and generate a better understanding of why are luxury products important and the different target markets who they is important for. The author will discuss the methods used to complete the study. The Author will then present various factors, which affect the Luxury fashion brands in the economic downturn. Finally the author will provide his findings and conclude discussing the effects of the economic downturn on the luxury fashion market 1. 1 Rational The author has chosen to approach and better understand the world of luxury because of a personal interest at an academic level. In addition, the author being a student of luxury for more than 5 years want to deeper understand how big luxury brand adapted to the economic crisis. 1. 2 Aims & Objectives The objective of this thesis is to study and analyse the luxury market and the threats that surround it. The aim of this study is to examine to what extent the economic crisis affects the luxury market. The objective is to understand the concepts implemented by the luxury market during this period of financial crisis. This thesis will be useful for understanding and analysing the luxury market and understand the various tools marketing used. 1. 3 Research question -Understand the luxury market and its operation. -Understanding the economic crisis on the financial market of luxury and magnitude. -Assess the extent to which marketing tools are used during the economic crisis. -Include the importance of consumer and luxury image in marketing. -Evaluate the various threats of the luxury market. 1. 4 Theoretical framework II- Methodology The methodology chapter will allow the researcher to understand and describe the different methods that can be used to successfully complete the objectives of this research project and move towards the aim of the research. Gillham (2000) explained that some methods are more appropriate depending on the subject and objectives. It is necessary to adapt the methodology on the project. Gillham (2000) also argues that research is about creating new knowledge, in a multitude of disciplines such as medicine, history or social works, by using evidence in the form of quantitative and qualitative data. The definition of methodology, according to Hart (2007, p. 28) is: â€Å"A system of methods and rules to facilitate the collection and analysis of data. It provides the starting point of choosing an approach made up of theories, ideas, concepts and definitions of the topic; therefore the basics of a critical activity consisting of making choices about the nature and characters of the social world (assumptions). This should not be confused with techniques of research, the application of methodology. † In this section the researcher highlights, discusses and assesses the methods used for the collection and evaluation of data. The researcher will focus on secondary research for the purpose of this research; the methodology will include the reasoning and justification for the choice of research design, construction method and also the sample of literature to be used to demonstrate a thorough understanding of the aims and objectives of the research. 2. 1 Choice of the research design Research is defined by Saunders et al. (2003, p. 488) as â€Å"the systematic collection and interpretation of information with a clear purpose. † The goal is to collect and analyse information to get a clear and established goal. The most appropriate method for this study is secondary research. It was selected by the author with the aim of examining the luxury market and the various threats that surround it as the crisis. The goal is to achieve a critical analysis of the current market situation for luxury brands. In addition Cottrell (2005) argues that many reliable sources are now available online. Secondary research via the Internet can provide data of better quality than the result of primary research. In performing secondary research, the author has made a very wide collection of information from the literature. Reading books, newspapers and articles online, acquired a clear and comprehensive knowledge of the subject. Considered safe by Saunders et al. (2003, p. 52) and it is recommended that. â€Å"They are evaluated by peers before publication to assess their quality and convenience. † To ensure that the collection of information, theory and model’s necessary and relevant; the author also conducted secondary research in the sources of the luxury market. The press releases and video from website such as Vogue, Fashion TV, Word of Fashion has allowed to deepen the knowledge. Stewart and Kami (1993) explain that the use of secondary data sources is an advantage. In addition, the authors point out that it allows the researcher to make a comparative analysis between the new collected data and previous data. 2. 2 Construction of design â€Å"You need to maintain a critical perspective, the evaluation of the study on its own merits and in comparison with other studies on the same or similar problem. † According to Saunders and al. (2003 p. 483) Saunders et al. (2003 p. 488) explains also the research: â€Å"The systematic collection and interpretation of information with a clear purpose† The objective of the systematic collection and interpretation of information is to analyse and criticize the effects of economic crisis on the market of luxury brands. The research plan established for this research project is the collection of qualitative information in a secondary search. During the construction and implementation of secondary research, it did not just say to read the previous literature, as explained Rudestam and Newtown (2001, p. 60) Critical evaluation is an integral party of process research and allows the completion of the secondary research. According to Cottrell (2005) Critical thinking is a complex function of deliberation that provides the skills and attitudes. Human nature is not the same for everyone. Some people are suspicious and the other is in trust. But in critical thinking that is different. This is not a character trait but a system of methodology used to analyse. According to Stewart (1993) and Saunders (2003) that secondary research is better suited for this research. In this thesis, the researcher collected data only secondary, secondary research allows access to reliable information and theories that are related to branding. Stewart and Karmins (1993, p. 3) argues that secondary research differs from primary research so that secondary research is based on reliable as primary research based on the analysis of the author information. The data required for completion of the aim and objectives is readily available from various secondary research resources. Primary research could have helped to provide the researcher with a first hand insight into the industry but the lack of accessibility to the key stakeholders and also time constraints to the research made primary research not feasible. 2. 3 Scope of research The luxury market is a vast market. It includes many products such as clothing, jewellery and cars; And also many services such as travel and hotels. As the luxury market is the researcher will focus on a particular sector of the luxury product industry for the purposes of a targeted and viable research. This will help the researcher to look at factors affecting the specific area of luxury in detail. As Bain&Co (2010) suggest Fashion is now the luxury sector expanding. The current craze for the fashion industry propels the luxury clothing first. The researcher is studying the field of luxury clothing. For the purposes of this research brands such as Louis Vuitton, Hermes, Dior and Chanel will be quoted at example to understand the current luxury market status. III- Literature Review A review of the literature is very important for any research and is an essential part of it (Webster and Watson, 2002). With the support of a literature review, the knowledge that is already prevalent on the topic in question may be determined (Hart, 1999). An incomplete comprehension the current literature might lead to misunderstandings on the subject. Hart (1999) defines a literature review that the widespread use of literature to support an approach to a topic the establishment of a methodology which can be used and the importance of new functionality that could potentially be supported by further research. It is also said â€Å"†¦to quality means the width and the appropriate depth, rigor and consistency, clarity and conciseness, analysis and efficient synthesis â€Å"(Hart, 1999, p. 1). Webster and Watson (2002) define an effective review of the literature to be based on in-depth knowledge, and give us an understanding of where more research is needed. Cottrell (2005, p. 127) explains that when looking for evidence to support an argument that has been spoken on the subject in the literature should be considered, where relevant information can be found and understanding of the leading authorities on the subject. From the definitions, it is clear that it can be derived from a review of the literature effective (Levy and Ellis, 2006) 3. 1 What is luxury? 3. 1. 1 Definition Luxury brands looking to be desired and known by all, but consumed only by the happy few to keep their prestige explains Kapeferer (2002) This summarizes the overall strategy of luxury brands, however, some inconsistencies persist in the clear explanation of the definition of luxury. Gutzats (1996) expresses luxury with exhaustive definition â€Å"Luxury two levels of representation. The first level is important. It includes product and brand (its history, its unique expertise and talent) second level is psychological, it is performance that our social environment and our brands influence us. † Luxury is a product with multiple objective characteristics that make it unique and rare, but also subjective characteristics with experience because of the importance that has consumers during the purchase process. The rarity factor of a product is essential to the concept of luxury. Explained by Dubois (2001), the prestige of a luxury brand can lose value if too many people own it. The distribution of a luxury product is very important; it must be selective to maintain the scarcity of the product. However, according to Kapferer (2002), the luxury market is in perpetual change. Several factors explain why the brand luxuries change their relationship with the principle of scarcity and become more accessible to a wider audience. Diversification of luxury brands with the creation of range of accessories and cosmetic product for the consumer access to the general public. Partnerships with general public brands, the Masstige contraction of Mass and prestige, or prestige for the masses. Is concept allows enlargement of the luxury market. (Kapferer, 2009) 3. 1. 2 Relativity The vision of what is necessary and desirable is relative. It depends on the perspective and perception of the consumer. Depending on the consumer perception of luxury is not universal. Buttner and al (2006) argues that relativity of luxury is divided into several categories. The economic relativity, cultural, regional, temporal and situational. 1. 3. 1. 2. 1 Economic relativity Kisabaka (2001) suggests economic relativity is expressed by the difference in perception of luxury depending on the economic situation of the consumer. For example, a pair of jeans ? 70 will be considered by a category of consumer as usual while for another it could be a luxury item. From a perspective of another consumer group a pair of jeans worth ? 2000 might not be considered a luxury product. The perception of price and its relativity to luxury can be argued to be relative to the consumer. 2. 3. 1. 2. 2 Cultural relativity Kemp (1998) suggests cultural relativity can be expressed as a function of the consumer culture. Whatever the consumer culture, luxury is a product, which is not trivial and necessary in everyday life. Kemp (1998) But cultural relativity has no reference to the availability of the product but the product vision based on the culture. A product can be considered luxury or not, based on the culture. Kisabaka, (2001) argues in some cultures a product can be ordinary and undesirable while for another it will be indispensable to belong to the culture of his country. For example, alcohol can be seen as a luxury product in European countries, while in Islamic countries there will be a product that very few people consume. (Berthon and al. , 2009) However, Mortelmans (2005, p. 497) argues: â€Å"Every social group can be said to have its own luxury† Reith & Meyer (2003) suggests every culture has its symbols and social distinctions. The consumer of the same culture can be part of different socio-professional category. For example, the hip-hop culture embraces gold teeth and considers it a luxury while it might not be desirable for a different cultural group. Kemp (1998) also argues cultural values express different preferences of luxury; they differ depending on age, sex, and education. It is important to differentiate the perception of luxury based on knowledge of the symbols of luxury. But also different perceptions in different cultural groups. 3. 3. 1. 2. 3 Regional relativity Reith & Meyer (2003) express regional relativity in terms of availability of the product. A product mass distribution in a country will not have the luxury status. However, a product, which is rare in a country, takes of value because of its rarity and exclusive distribution. For example, a sunny day at the beach can be considered as a luxury for the countries of Europe. But in the Caribbean this represents the daily weather. 4. 3. 1. 2. 4 The Temporal relativity. Matsuyama (2002) defines temporal relativity by changes in perceptions of luxury over the years. The reasons for these changes in perceptions are societal trends and the development of technology. (Schiereck & Koenigs, 2006) Technological advances for consumer products can change their perspective of luxury For example, Reith & Meyer (2003) the television was created in the 1930s when it was considered a luxury, since the progression of technology televisions are present widely in his homes which has led to a change in the perception of luxury. This product has become common in homes is no longer a luxury product. However Koschel (2005) argues that the process can be expressed in the opposite direction. Natural resources such as clean air, water became scarce in some countries. Kapferer (2008) suggests temporal relativity is a specific factor of luxury because it is not stable and steady and could change readily. (Jackel & Kochhan, 2000) Luxury is not universal and adapts as a function of some factor. It is important for companies to understand these factors and adapt ait’s marketing to influence different groups to sell its products. 3. 2 Luxury customer Gilles Lipovetsky (2009), philosopher suggests: â€Å"Do not have faith in a future that is mechanically better and fairer, there are still people in the hope of a better life, the feast of the senses, the beauty to expect that we leave the monotony of everyday life. Luxury is no longer the accursed share, but â€Å"dreams, excellence and superlative, this human need. † It can be inferred from the above statement that luxury for a consumer is an achievement of itself. A luxury consumer wants to show his wealth and property, luxury goods are a reflection of the wealth. The motivation of pleasure today became the first luxury purchase motivation to its traditional buyers. (Gilles Lipovetsky, 2009) According to Okonkwo (2007) a purchaser of luxury products cannot be considered as a mere client of luxury, but as an individual part of a network of the brand. It is by sharing with him the ritual and the traditions of the bard, which they have purchased, by teaching the consumer these details about the brand itself the sense of community and attachment towards a brand is built. It can be inferred that unlike mass-market brands, the luxury brand should tell a story and to give the customer want to be a part. Gilles Lipovetsky (2009) explains luxury Consumption Consuming is both a product, a legend / myth, tradition, knowledge and ritual use. 3. 2. 1 Customer behaviour Kapferer (2004) suggests that there are several categorize consumers of luxury brands into different groups. Lombard (1989) argues that customers can be differentiated on the basis of their purchasing power. A customer with the financial resources has the capacity to buy products from all the different categories of luxury products (see section 3. 4. 3). These elite customers not only form the key user base of the product but also are a great advertisement for the luxury status of the product. Customers of the elite are the generators of the turnover of luxury brands. They are loyal and hold the financial resources to consume luxury goods when it desires. This type of customer only buys clothes from luxury brands. Occasional customers have the financial resources necessary to consume luxury products but are not addicted. They consume luxury when the mood or the occasion arises. They are not faithful because they can change the luxury brand in the trend. (Bain&co, 2008) The low-income customers who consume when their financial situation allows them. This type of customer consumes the occasional high-priced products for exceptional period (Christmas, birthday). However this type of client is the target of entry-level luxury products. Low-income customers consume perfumes and cosmetics in large quantities. This allows them to detain a part of the brand without spending an extravagant amount. According to Berry (1994), three levels of luxury can be presented: the unattainable luxury reserved for extremely rich people, luxury means restricted to middle class high and affordable luxury reserved for the middle class. Each level corresponds to a totally different type of marketing because the target is not the same, the brand must adapt depending on the area they choose. Consumer’s behaviour while buying luxury products can be affected by three different effects. (Leibenstein, 1950) 5. 3. 2. 1. 1 The Veblen Effect One can distinguish consumption to be under the Veblen effect, conspicuous consumption. Leibenstein, (1950) suggests the consumer buys the luxury product due to its high price. The work of Bourne (1957) explains the influence of peer groups on consumers in their purchases of luxury goods. Vigneron and Johnson (1999) also argue that a positive relationship is observed between conspicuous consumption and peer groups. In addition, Bearden and Etzel (1982) also explain that to buy the product in public is a sign of Veblen because the customer wants to be seen buying a valuable product. The consumer wants to show their wealth, status and power (Veblen, 1899). The price of the products is considered important in the minds of consumers, it represents the quality. (Vigneron and Johnson, 1999) Erickson and Johansson (1995) conducted a study showing that the price can judge the quality of a luxury item. It is also agued the customer who consumes with effect Veblen is attentive to the quality of the product. 6. 3. 2. 1. 2 The effect of Snob According to Leibenstein (1950), the effect of snob is a complex concept. A consumer with the snob effect takes into account the emotional and personal desires which Influences the behaviour of others is also a factor that pushes the purchase of products of luxury brands. For example, the launch of a new product, create exclusivity, snob effect causes the immediate purchase. Few clients have this product at the launch, the customer will feel different and above other consumer, it is preferred. A luxury item in limited sale has a great value while a readily available product will be less demand and will not have a high value; unusual item brings respect and prestige. (Solomon, 1994) However, after some time, the general public and the mass consumers consume the product, the snob consumers reject the product. The unique product, popular and expensive does not stay long. Demand is growing rapidly and the product loses value. (Verhallen and Robben, 1994) 7. 3. 2. 1. 3 The Bandwagon Effect Bandwagon effect is a different concept of the two previous. In this effect, the product is consumed by the mass market, its demand in the market is important. Consumers are buying this type of product in order to have a luxury product and belong to a group. The luxury product is the similarity between the members of the group. (Leibenstein, 1950) For example, a consumer group buying the same mass-produced luxury feel they belong to the same social class. The product is generally in the current trend and at affordable price. Berry (1994) argues Bandwagon consumers buy the product to look like other consumer and access a different social class a different group. 3. 2. 2 Price McKinsey (1990) suggests that the price is the first characteristic, withheld to qualify luxury goods. It is evaluated as the criterion most objectives and most quantifiable to measure the quality of luxury. . Dubois and Duquesne (1993) also suggest that luxury product must be at a high price to be credible; it is an essential criterion for the qualification of the same as a luxury. Kapferer (2001) argues although the price is a very important criterion for the luxury product it is not the whole product. It can be found on the market for very expensive products that are not necessarily luxury items due to lack of quality and luxury marketing. The brand positioning reflects its class. In addition, Kapferer and Bastien (2009) also argue that the consumer looking for a luxury product is ready to pay the price but he also wants. Indeed, the consumer wants to own an expensive product because it provides the purchaser with recognition, which is valuable. The researched can infer that price is price is an important guideline of a luxury product. In addition, Danielle ALLERES (1997) states: The fair price for a luxury product based on a perfect correlation between the level in the world of luxury, rarity and its brand reputation. According to Julian Levy and Jacques Lendrevie (2009) a policy of skimming or price skimming is a pricing policy, which consists of a high price (often partially disconnected from the cost) that customers can choose, the price can directly target customers. It also maintains the image of luxury brand and reputation. (Julian Levy and Jacques Lendrevie, 2009) also argue that luxury product cannot be sold at a discount price. It may lose its value and caused the damage to the brand. 3. 2. 3 Exclusivity Kisabaka (2001) suggests scarcity of a product is also an important part of making it luxury. A luxury consumer wants exclusivity and differentiation. For example, a customer who purchases a product from a luxury brand would expect it to be exclusive and would not like it for it to be a mass-market product. (Catry, 2003) also points out luxury brand must ensure the rarity of its products by limiting the production and individualization of products. 3. 4 Luxury brand A brand can be expressed as the identity of the company and the consumers it targets. The brand must represent a clear image in the minds of target consumers. (Esch, 2011) The luxury brand is associated with its flagship products and basic products on the basis of which consumers assimilate the product image. (Kapferer, 2008) For example, the little black jacket from Chanel is the flagship product for years and is constantly equated with the image of Chanel. (http://thelittleblackjacket. chanel. com) Meffert and Lasslop (2003) suggest that different definitions of luxury represent the association of product characteristics and brand. A luxury brand is associated with an image that is ubiquitous in the consumer’s mind, which is itself associated with a luxury product: high price, perfect quality esthetical, the scarcity of the product and the product exceptional characters. 3. 4. 1 Relationship Product/Brand A luxury brand must not only offer luxury products but also offer ranges of products more accessible products to maintain the brand status. The goal would be to reach a wider target customer. (Kapferer and Bastien, 2009) For example, luxury brands such as Chanel and Dior, offer ranges available such as key rings or jewellery phone products. This allows consumers to enter and feel to be a part of brand, with an affordable price. In addition, brands offer masstiges products; this concept is the combination of a luxury brand with a current and accessible brand to the public. For example, H & M has many partnerships with luxury brands and top designer. (Kapferer, 2008) Collections are distributed in H & M stores at affordable prices to the general public. This marketing tactic provides high visibility for luxury brands to the mass market. In contrast, non-luxury brands try to portray themselves to be offering a range of products, which include a touch of luxury for another customer segment. For example, as Lufthansa airlines offer flights with luxury service at an additional cost such as offering extra-large seats, bigger entertainment systems and meals cooked to order. This demonstrates the relationship between a product and brand is important. It can also be inferred that a luxury brands have to offer luxury products to maintain its brand image. Furthermore the quality and status of a product will only remain one that of a luxurious item if the brand is rated as a luxury brand. 3. 4. 2 Type of luxury brand Luxury brands can be categorised using various different factors, which affect a brand. 8. 3. 4. 2. 1 Luxury brand level Esteve and Hieu-Dess (2005) argues level of brand can be differentiated on the basis of the levels of luxuries performed. It is therefore important to distinguish luxury brands based on a category. The entry-level: products of entry-level correspond to the product seen above in relation brand / product. Its products are part of the range luxury brand but with affordable prices. In its entry-level, there are the masstiges and the products of luxury brands at affordable prices. Example: Hugo Boss Fragrance Luxury product middle level: These products are part of the luxury range, but they are not maximum level. Its products are accessible while maintaining their entities luxury. Example: Marc Jacobs, Moschino. Luxury goods of high level: These products represented luxury in pure state. These ranges of products are of high quality and high price. Example: Hermes Produces luxury level of the elite: This product is the top of the ladder. This segment is the most luxury products. Its quality and marketing must be irreproachable, they represent the brand. To reference the type of product is Chanel, Dior. According to the relativity of luxury explained above, the established classification can be modified over time. A brand can go from middle level to level for elite customer. It may be noted its changes based on trends, seasons and different cultures. (Phan and al. ,2011) Conversely, certain brand may lose their luxury positioning if it does not fit depending on relativity. For example, Christian Lacroix, who lost his rank High Fashion due to improper adaptation of its marketing and its collections. (Bain&co, 2009) 9. 3. 4. 2. 2 Luxury brand awareness The leading products and notorieties are very important in the management of the brand and in its differentiation. A luxury brand should differentiate itself from others with its marketing strategy and advertising. The knowledgeable consumer expects certain notoriety, it must be found in the marketing strategy. The luxury brand needs to focus its marketing and marketing in a niche. If a brand decides to sell luggage, clothing, jewellery and does not fit its marketing it will no longer be identified as specialize and thus not as a luxury brand. (Meffert and Lasslop 2003) Awareness of the brand in the minds of the public is essential. The flagship products create the brand awareness; even if its products are for purchase only certain category of customer it represents the brand. Previously the author explained the importance of quality and marketing for the range of customer connoisseur but this process is also important for the client who never will buy the product. Its customers will be interested in the brand and will position as a luxury brand (Kapferer, 2009) The primary objective of the luxury brand is to become known around the world to demonstrate its performance and quality. (Phan and al, 2011) In addition, for a customer of the elite luxury product group buys a flagship product is a sign of wealth, it is important that the product meets this demand (Kapferer & Bastien, 2009). 3. 4. 3 Marketing technique If the marketing of mass consumption appeared after World War II during the post-war boom, the first luxury marketing techniques already existed in the seventeenth century. Berry (1994) The companies in the luxury sector can manage the time by recalling the history of their homes through codes. For example, Chanel, two legendary fragrance: N  ° 5 – first perfume by Gabrielle Chanel launched in 1921 and still one of the best global industry sales – is the lucky number of Coco, and No. 19 is reference to the date of birth of the Creator August 19, 1883, this history is an important part of the marketing strategy of the companies these days as they entice buyers by presenting a history and tradition of the product. Each of the luxury goods is modernized, redesigned while respecting the history of the house, called in luxury marketing an incremental leap technique. (Kapferer 2009) Thus, the customer discovers and buys without hesitation a new version of a mythical product that meets the codes of the house, allowing sales to continue to grow. The success of these products is only possible through the transfer of know-how of artisans and small hands working in the workshops. Embroiderers, milliners, dressmakers, all these businesses demonstrate a thorough knowledge and quality that are transmitted in time while upgrading. This concept allows the luxury home to restart their old products maintaining the brand image. A new advertising campaign is designed and the product is restarted. During a period of crisis, this concept is used by numerous brands. (Meffert & Lasslop 2003) Luxury brands must carefully control its distribution channels. (Esch 2011) the industry knows how to stage each of its products in places specific distribution channels for each target group. Thus, it is imposs.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Sharon Olds And William Shakespeare Essays - Sonnet 116, Sonnet 1

Sharon Olds And William Shakespeare Essays - Sonnet 116, Sonnet 1 Sharon Olds And William Shakespeare From the Present to the Future through the Eyes of Love Plato once said, At the touch of love everyone becomes a poet. What is Love? Love is an attraction based on sexual desires: affection and tenderness felt by lovers. (Merriam Websters Dictionary) We see a lot of love, marriage, broken-hearts, lust, and sex in today society but also in poetry we read by great authors. A poem such as Sharon Olds, Sex Without Love. Also from the past that knew the meaning of love through his plays, poems, and especially from his sonnets, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116 Let me not the marriage of true minds. I will analyze each poem and sonnet and show my own point of view and show the similarities and differences. In Sharon Olds, Sex Without Love, she passionately describes the authors disgust for casual sex. She vividly animates the immortality of lustful sex through her language variety. Olds clever use of imagery makes this poem come to life. Her frequently uses of similes to make the audience imagine actual events. For example, Olds describes making love as Beautiful as dancers. (Sharon Olds, Line #2) In this line, she questions how one can do such a beautiful act with a person whom one is not in love with. Olds also describes sex as gliding over each other like ice skaters over the ice.(Sharon Olds, Line #3,4) She is referring to sex as a performance. Imagine an ice-skating performance, each ice skater is performing for judges and an audience to win an award. Olds uses this simile to relate people performing for one another. When two people truly are in love, there is no need for any special show or performance. Another simile the author uses is As wet as the children at birth whose mothe rs are going to give them away, (Sharon Olds, Line #6,7,8) to simulate a sweaty lovemaking scene. The simile light rising slowly as steam off their joined skin (Sharon Olds, Line #11,12,13) can also be used to perceive the same image of a hot, sweaty, and passionate love making scene. The author repeatedly questions how two people who are not in love can perform such a spiritual act. The simile As wet as the children at birth whose mothers are going to give them away, can also be used to represent the outcome of lustful copulation. When two people engage in sexual activities, a large percent of the mothers choose to ignore the outcome and either abort or give their children up for adoption. Olds compares the lovers with great runners. (Sharon Olds, Line #18) In this simile, she implies that lovers are alone with their own pleasures. Olds questions this selfishness throughout the poem. How can two people be alone in pleasure, when sex is supposed to be both physically and emotionally shared between lovers? Olds uses hyperbole to describe her belief that sex and God are entwined. These are the true religions, the priest, the pros, the one who will not accept a false Messiah, love the priest instead of the God. (Sharon Olds, Lines #13-17) In these lines she says that sex is more than pleasure, and if one is merely using sex for pleasure they are accepting a false God. She describes people as hypocrites who claim to love the lord, yet engage in immoral sex. In the lines, How do they come to the / come to the / come to the / God / come to the / still waters, and not love / the one who came there with them, (Sharon Olds, Lines #8-11) Olds describes two people climaxing. The choice of words wet, come, still waters, and came add to the suggestion of this climax. Olds uses the sexual imagery to address her subject as well as to convey a sense of intimacy. Olds perceives sex as spiritual, and wonders how people can bring a person with whom they are not in love with befo re God. Olds uses hyperbole to share her disgust of casual sex with her audience. Sharon Olds clearly despises people who engage in sex without being in love. She is able to emphasize her view in a tasteful

Monday, October 21, 2019

Globalization essays

Globalization essays Ive never actually supposed that globalization to be the certain part of my life. Probably, the reason is that when I was born this process has been already expanding far and wide, so I just never had another life environment except life within permanent globalization. On the other hand, if globalization should be defined as the mutual penetration of cultures, customs, traditions and so on, I still cant see it. Yes, business communications between countries are obviously getting tighter due to modern technologies, internet and opportunities it provides (video conferences, for example). But separate countries dont seem to share its cultural wealth eagerly, and I seriously doubt they ever will. There is nevertheless one country, which can be called the flagship of globalization (anyhow this term is defined) thats US. But, in my opinion, although US got a number of really outstanding cultural treasures (especially regarding literature), but these are not primaries for them to share with the rest world. Few Japanese teens would know who Edgar Allan Poe is, but they will be certainly up on the nearest McDonalds. That s because being the richest country US have an ability to spread American mass culture and American way of life, and thats the only actual globalization I can presently observe. However, different countries can stand this invasion to a variable degree. Lets take China as an example mainly because Ive been to China so I can stay relatively unbiased in this field. Although youll find a lot of McDonalds and western-style decorated shops and stores on your way through China, but thats not the point. Youll never find cruel Hollywood blockbusters to be on in cinemas, no cheap pocket-books on bookshelves. At the same time China is just opposite to be an isolated unfriendly country. For instance, China has ...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Civil service essays

Civil service essays The debate over the type of system the McKinney police and fire force has come to a vote in the near future. A civil service or merit system takes the hiring, firing, and promotion power out of supervising officers and senior firefighters, and into the hands of a commission. The hiring process would be changed to standardized tests including basic mental skills such as spelling and arithmetic, but will also include situations one might encounter on the job he or she is applying for. Then after physical testing and training will be given and assessed depending on the job the applicant wants. This takes much of the supervising and higher ranked policeman and firemens power away from them and into the hands of a group of people on the city commission. McKinney will vote yes or no on this proposed change in the near future, but already has police and fire departments upset about the situation. My personal opinion is somewhat undecided because it doesnt affect me at the present time and I dont know what it is like personally to work under either system. However with my present knowledge of the proposition, I believe a merit or civil service system will not be as effective. Personal knowledge, experience, and relationships with a supervising officer and their subordinate are much closer than a commissions to the same worker. A commission cant be there to see attitude of the workers, small mistakes and willingness to work. One of the main reasons for this change is to eliminate prejudice and unfairness in the process, but on the other hand, a supervising officer knows the traits and the type of person a police or fireman needs to be. A commission is a group of people who are probably unrelated to that field entirely and in my opinion are unqualified to decide who should get hired, fired, or promoted. ...

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Land law in ksa and uk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Land law in ksa and uk - Essay Example The Rules of land Laws in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia In Saudi Arabia, the greater percentage of total land is owned by the government. Private individuals own only the property in the urban area and land which is cultivated in the rural areas. The law stipulates that all land titles deeds must be registered. However, accurate information on the extent of land registration does not exist (Sait & Lim, 2006). Initially, the law stated that real estate could only be owned by the native citizens until when the property laws were amended to give the right to foreigners to also own property. However, for individuals who are not citizens of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to invest in property there is a need for them to seek council of ministers approval. Three categories of land exist in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. These include developed land, undeveloped land, and protective zones. Developed land constitutes constructed environment of towns and villages and land, which has been agriculturally developed. The law states that this land may be sold, bought, or inherited. Land, which is not developed, constitutes grazing pasture and wilderness. Grazing land and pasture is a common good. As such, the law authorizes every citizen to use it. However, the wilderness is a state property, which may be open to all unless the state imposes some restrictions. The Saudi land law uses the Waqf. This is a form of land ownership in, which a Saudi national has the right to transfer property to an organization or foundation for long term charitable or religious reasons. Once land or the property has been transferred under Waqf, the law does not allow further transfer or alienation of the same property. The Rules of the Land Law in United Kingdom The United Kingdom law is the law of real property in Wales and England. This law entails acquisition, priority and content of rights and obligations among people with land interests (Gray & Gray, 2009). The old content of English land law is relate d to property rights that come from common law, the registration system and equity. Normally, ownership of land in the United Kingdom is acquired through a sale contract where the buyer acquires the land through a written agreement with the seller, and there is an exchange of money. In order to complete such a purchase, the law states that the purchaser of the land must formally register his intention to buy the land in land registry. Apart from sale contracts, the law stipulates that individuals may acquire interests in land through contribution to home acquisition price, or to family life if the courts of the land can find evidence of a common purpose that this should occur. The law also recognizes a constructive or resulting trust over the property, and in credit of individuals of social interest in their households, these do not need to be registered just like a lease whose duration is less than seven years (Gray & Gray, 2009). Further, the law stipulates that individuals can ac quire land through propriety estoppels. This refers to a situation where an individual is assured to receive land or property, and relied on this to their detriment, the court may acknowledge it. Adverse possession is a form of ownership which allows a person who

Friday, October 18, 2019

Why Youth Unemployment Is a Particularly Serious Issue for Many Essay

Why Youth Unemployment Is a Particularly Serious Issue for Many Countries of the World - Essay Example The paper tells that youth in different countries in the world experience acute problems because of the experiences of unemployment with many of them lacking opportunities regardless of the fact that they have the capacity to work. This issue continues to trouble many countries regardless of the efforts they have put in place to alleviate the problems and establish youths in productive states that ensure they are productive in the economy. One of the countries that have experienced this kind of problem is Brazil in which many youths are jobless regardless of the steps they have taken towards ending the problem. The problem has perpetuated increase in the rate of poverty in the country with those people who have no jobs staying inactive and depending on the other people who are working. This has increased poverty levels because people have not been productive in the economy and have depended on the productivity of a few people in the society. In the economy, youth unemployment has con tributed to future constraints that come from the issues of little earning of the youths who never get jobs in their youthful age. This means that people in the economy have ended up producing little amounts of money that may not be able to facilitate capacity building in other people who rely on them. For example, when people get little income in the advanced age, they end up not offering quality education to their dependents who need the support to advance their lives. This means that unemployment becomes a series of complications that lead to low-quality chances of building capacity in other people. At the end of everything, the economy will have very many people who cannot exploit their potential fully for the benefit of their country or for their own. This means that the rate of growth of the economy will reduce and will be low for the country whose youth do not participate in productive activities in their country. The problem of the unemployment in the youth do not face peopl e in one generation only but it extends to the following generations that cause them to affect the economy negatively. Unemployed youth have resulted in violent ways to get the things they need for their economic sustainability in different places. Some youths have involved themselves in different illegal activities that have led to the destabilization of their countries because, in their idleness and unproductiveness in the economy, they engage in activity to acquire forcibly the things that belong to other people. The lack of jobs causes the youth to get involved in different illegal activities, which may risk their lives and those of others in their environment. Those people who do not get formal opportunities get some others in informal sectors, which require them to work for long hours at very low wages, and in the hazardous environment where they do fit. This pushes some of them to get involved in illegal activities like robbery, drug trafficking and other forms of crimes that assure them fast and high returns for the effort they put in an activity. This implies that these youths do not only turn to be a risk to the other people but also are a threat to the stability the of systems of the economy that promote development and therefore, become causes of underdevelopment in the country of their residence.

How to make a new friends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How to make a new friends - Essay Example Getting more out of the current relationship and meeting entirely new people can go a long way because many people find it uneasy to access potential new friends. According to â€Å"Better Health Channel† meeting new friends requires an individual to have lots of potential friends around them and make effort to know and understand them on a daily basis (Web). Pulling out of day-to-day routine is essential in meeting new friends especially by participating in hobbies or communities where one can naturally meet new people. Getting involved in people-oriented activities may help in knowing new people sharing many things in common as yours. Meeting someone new for the first time initially requires that you talk to them about common things such as weather, hobby, politics or a sporting event (Rubin Web). Initiating small talk naturally may help in giving a good impression to the person who will in turn be free to share with you because you are approachable. There must be a consistent style of contacting the person even after the first impression because meeting afterwards strengthens the relationship and enables the two becoming more close to each other. Another best way of maintaining a closer relationship is constant communication through cell phone and social networking although face to face is the sure way to improve relationship into a new friend. According to Rubin, inviting potential friends to do something together or hanging out and doing something outside of the situation you met may is an important experience in strengthening the relationship (Web). Although most people may find it a little hesitant to invite people out because it is a little scary at first and because of risk of rejection, it is not as bad as asking someone out on a date; it is much simpler. It also depends mostly on how you met since some people may be invited out fairly while others may be waited for a while, for example a month before

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Unions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Unions - Research Paper Example Furthermore, the organization is committed towards advancing their mission by engaging local communities, collective bargaining, organizing and political activism through the efforts of their members (American Federation of Teachers, 2012). Although, AFT members do not work in core industrial environment, there are numerous hazards involved due to the complex situations that they work in. Teachers have greater possibilities for respiratory infections and work related asthma. Furthermore, it has been observed that many paraprofessionals leave the organization citing voice disorders. Moreover, renovation of schools, internal air quality and cleaning chemicals relatively affect the health systems of various members in the workplace (American Federation of Teachers, 2012). A Washington DC based organization First Class Education (FCE), introduced a ‘65 percent solution’ scheme, which needs to be maintained compulsorily by schools of all states. The scheme endorsed all schools to spend 65% of their budgets on ‘classroom instruction’. However, the members of AFT feel that the scheme will adversely affect schools and its students. Moreover, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) classroom instruction includes the cost of teachers and most of the classroom supplies. However, it excludes costs regarding the staff and services essential for conducting numerous programs. The services include professional development, libraries, food and nutrition, custodial work and transportation which enable classroom learning in the initial stages (American Federation of Teachers, 2012). The environment in which the members of AFT work is deemed to violate Occupational Safety and Health Act 1970 (OSHA) which states that employers should be responsible for providing secure as well as healthy working environment which is not being complied with by the leaders of the

Cellular Enviroment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cellular Enviroment - Assignment Example 16-17). According to McCance & Huether (2010), cellular swelling is the initial sign of cell injury; triggered by direct damage to the cell membrane, hypoxia, or damage to the electrolyte-pumping enzymes. The most common cause of cellular injury is hypoxia, which disrupts the cell’s capability of maintaining fluid homeostasis due to deficiency in oxygen. The main cellular mechanisms of cell injury include loss of calcium homeostasis, ATP depletion, oxidative stress, damage to mitochondria, and increases permeability of membranes. These adaptive mechanisms thus fail to maintain normal homeostasis, leading to a fall in oxidative phosphorylation. This triggers the depletion of cellular ATP and the swelling of mitochondria. What follows next is the failure of membrane calcium pumps, protein synthesis, NaK ATPase pump, and generation of reactive oxygen metabolites. This leads to an influx of Na+ and water, efflux of K+, entry of free calcium into the cytoplasm, and a drop in intracellular pH. This results to accumulation of water into the cell triggered by failure of membrane NaK ATPase pump, and cellular swelling due to swelling of endoplasmic reticulum (p. 54-92). Cellular swelling during the early stages is a reversible lesion, which is non-lethal; however, it becomes reversible if hypoxia persists for some time depending on the oxygen demands of the cell. An irreversible injury leads to cell death, mainly via apoptosis or necrosis. Aging is a gradual deterioration of a mature organism leading to irreversible structural changes as time passes by. According to Brashers (2006), cellular changes facets of aging include hypertrophy, and the weakened capability to undergo mitosis. Cellular function is impaired by the deposition of lipids (lipid peroxidation products), programmed changes in gene expression, damage from free radicals and advanced glycation end products. These

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Unions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Unions - Research Paper Example Furthermore, the organization is committed towards advancing their mission by engaging local communities, collective bargaining, organizing and political activism through the efforts of their members (American Federation of Teachers, 2012). Although, AFT members do not work in core industrial environment, there are numerous hazards involved due to the complex situations that they work in. Teachers have greater possibilities for respiratory infections and work related asthma. Furthermore, it has been observed that many paraprofessionals leave the organization citing voice disorders. Moreover, renovation of schools, internal air quality and cleaning chemicals relatively affect the health systems of various members in the workplace (American Federation of Teachers, 2012). A Washington DC based organization First Class Education (FCE), introduced a ‘65 percent solution’ scheme, which needs to be maintained compulsorily by schools of all states. The scheme endorsed all schools to spend 65% of their budgets on ‘classroom instruction’. However, the members of AFT feel that the scheme will adversely affect schools and its students. Moreover, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) classroom instruction includes the cost of teachers and most of the classroom supplies. However, it excludes costs regarding the staff and services essential for conducting numerous programs. The services include professional development, libraries, food and nutrition, custodial work and transportation which enable classroom learning in the initial stages (American Federation of Teachers, 2012). The environment in which the members of AFT work is deemed to violate Occupational Safety and Health Act 1970 (OSHA) which states that employers should be responsible for providing secure as well as healthy working environment which is not being complied with by the leaders of the

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

MGMT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

MGMT - Essay Example This leadership style entails implementing new ideas, with the leaders as the best example of such new idea adoption. The training on this type of leadership should be introduced to the leaders of the company within the first 4 months, after which the phase of implementation of the new leadership style follows in the next 8 months. To address the challenge of change resistance by the leaders of the company, a performance-based evaluation should be introduced in the organization within the first 6 months of new company leadership, where the leaders failing to address the required changes in their areas are replaced with others. To motivate the company employees, while attracting and retaining more talented employee, an employee motivation program should be established in the organization, within a duration of 4 months of the new CEO joining the company. The motivation program should entail cash rewards, training and development as well as promotion of the employees whose performance and exceeds the set targets (Phillips, 1847). In addressing the challenge of reduced profits for the company, a change in the type of products manufactured by the company should be introduced, where the products that are not profitable are scrapped off and replaced with the newly developed products, generated by the R & D department of the organization (Phillips, 193). Facing off the old and non-profitable products and their replacement with new products should be implemented within the first 12 months of the introduction of new leadership. Additionally, strategies for minimizing the costs of production should be sought, with the COO leading a team of researchers to investigate the appropriate production systems and processes that should be installed to reduce costs (Phillips, 188). The whole process of investigating and installing the new systems should be implemented by the end of one year of

Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet Essay Everything in life happens for a reason, and ultimately fate has a special way in making it all happen. Within the tragic love story of William Shakespeare’s classic, â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† fate decides the two lover’s destiny together along with many other factors. The power of fate brought Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet together yet it also decided to lead them into their own demise. Ultimately fate decided their destiny and their future ahead and if things were not meant to be, they simply weren’t meant to be as fate has a strong instinct of knowing so. Along with fate, the power of assumption lays a big part in this love story, as most of the characters are the types of people who do assume things instead of truly thinking things through. Some people tend to make decisions emotionally and rush them quickly without fully thinking them through as sometimes the consequences for these actions may result into a troublesome future. Romeo and Juliet were definitely ones being guilty for doing so, as because of them rushing things and assuming without truly thinking first, these factors truly lead them into their own demise along with the power of fate. People within this story often rush things quite severely. Taking the time in fully thinking things through is very different from thinking emotionally and instantly rushing important decisions and assuming everything is okay. For example, in Act 5 Scene 3 when Romeo sees Juliet fake â€Å"dead,† Romeo instantly assumes that she is dead. Instead of assuming and making such an instant decision, he could have checked to see if she was breathing or do everything he possibly could to try to bring her back to life, instead of instantly just automatically killing himself. Assumption isn’t always the answer! The characters in this story are the types of people who do assume things and it just so happened that every single one of them assume instead of truly trying to find the answer. Therefore by doing so, assumption and fate lead the lovers Romeo and Juliet in to their own demise. Along with the power of assuming, fate ultimately decides the couple’s destiny. Beyond that decision, fate decides what is going to happen, and if Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet are truly meant to be in love and spend the rest of their lives together. Clearly throughout this love story, fate gave hints that  things were not in the couple’s favor. For example, it just so happened that the families of Romeo and Juliet despise each other, it doesn’t have to be that way but of course fate decides that. The feud between the two families causes many problems for the young couple along their journey of life together. Could you imagine your family despising your true love’s family? I could not imagine how awful that would be, but it just so happened for Romeo and Juliet in their story, that is exactly what happened and is what caused so many problems for them. Picturing their families getting along and genially liking one another, do you believe if that was the case would that factor change Romeo’s and Juliet’s future? Even if it did or did not, having fate right off the top deciding that their families despise one another and constantly having feuds does not help Romeo and Juliet what so ever. But do you ever see Romeo and Juliet trying to stop the family feuds from happening? Romeo and Juliet immediately assume that their families will never get along but do you see them trying to do something about it? In fact, they don’t do anything to try to end the constant feuds from happening, they do nothing to try to fix the problem. Here yet again, is another example of how the power of assumption plays a large part in this Shakespeare classic. Romeo and Juliet assume that their families do not get along and there is no hope that they ever will, but they never truly try to make a difference and try to cure the problem. Resulting in a troublesome future for young Romeo and Juliet, if they tried to do everything they can to try to make their families at the least respect one another, I believe that would have made a better and more positive impact on the couple. Ultimately love is something that is a strong, powerful feeling to express. To say you love somebody is a very big thing to say to somebody, especially when you are thirteen years of age to an older boy. In Juliet’s case she has just become a teenager and although people tended to settle down and be married with children typically at a younger age in their era, to say she loves somebody is such a large statement, especially when she is just thirteen. Romeo as well, two years older than his lover Juliet is still very young to say that statement to someone. He does tend to love and show his affection quite in a flirtatious and â€Å"rash† way, but still to say you love somebody is a really big deal. Young Romeo and Juliet are so young; they haven’t matured into young adults yet and are still young children. To  assume that you are in love is a big assumption to start off with never the less when you don’t have the maturity to be in a relationship. Romeo displays many childlike qualities in how he always has a crush on somebody throughout the story. As people do develop strong feelings for others, it does not happen as frequently as you mature and grow older. Romantic Romeo loves the idea of falling in love, as he firstly has a big crush on beautiful Rosaline, as then he later falls in love with the one and only Juliet. Young Juliet displays many child-like qualities as well, for example of how she always imagines and dreams of love. As her mother Lady Capulet insists on her marrying rich and handsome Paris, Juliet truly claims she isn’t looking for love and a husband and is definitely not desperate for a husband as she will meet her true love when the right time comes. She still dreams of love and romance yet she does say in the love story: Ill look to like, if looking liking move which provides insight and demonstrates how she isn’t desperate to meet her true love yet she dreams and imagines of finding him. Both Romeo and Juliet are very young with many child-like features and character traits; along with they do express a large amount of immaturity. Clearly they are not ready to truly fall in love as they are so young and still have traits and immaturities of young children. Another way of demonstrating they are not ready for such as serious relationship, they do not have a clear understanding what love truly is. Loving somebody is sacrificing yourself for the person you love and doing absolutely anything and everything for them and truly loving them with all your heart. Romeo and Juliet later throughout the story do express those things along with their affection for one another yet how as soon as they meet each other they assume that they are immediately in love with each other and want to get married that same night is a large statement and decision to come to. They tend to be very immature when it comes to emotional problems and conflicts especially highly emotional subjects and relationships therefore because of their immaturities and youth, they are not ready for a true, honest, loving relationship. Fate ultimately decided that they truly were not meant to be and although they claim they are star-crossed lovers and soul mates, fate knew something was not meant to be between the two, therefore fate along with many assumptions lead to the lovers Romeo and Juliet’s demise. The combination of assumption along with fate decided Romeo’s and Juliet’s destiny together and although it lead them into their own demise, assumption and fate is truly responsible for the couple’s death. Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet were simply not meant to be as fate decided that furthermore, the power of assumption and fate is truly responsible for the demise of the star-crossed lovers Romeo and Juliet.

Monday, October 14, 2019

What Are The Impacts Of Civil Engineering Environmental Sciences Essay

What Are The Impacts Of Civil Engineering Environmental Sciences Essay Discuss the impact of civil engineering on our environment and in particular the extent to which current practice is sustainable into the future. Civil engineering has always had a big impact on our society and environment. Decisions made by the government and private investors are generally money orientated but recently some of the planning and construction of projects has been halted due to the credit crisis. Currently, problems are now being resolved and debts are being paid off. The government and Investors are recently more worried about the environment and how to tackle occurring and future problems. Society is relying on them for plans, improvement and developments to stop civilization from suffering the further effects of global warming. The Earth summit, Kyoto Protocol and Copenhagen conference in 2009 was surrounding the issues on gas emission on global warming and what governments can do together to give society a better chance for the future. With the help of construction projects from eco housing firms, public buildings and private funded structures, this will allow society to be aware of the problems caused by global warming and therefore respond by giving something back to the earth. This report will be based on what the world is doing about global warming, how it is put into action in the United Kingdom and how society can help. World leaders gather for summits and conferences to discuss current issues and affairs that concern the whole nation. Big problems such as fossil fuel crisis, scarcity of water, global warming etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ With these concerns addressed, the government can take action and inform the rest of the nation of the crisis we are facing in the near future. Certain nations or countries would not accept or agree with the issues that are addressed because of their economical and financial status. This causes differences and causes other problems to break out. In 1992, more than 100 representatives from all over the world met in Rio de Janeiro for the first international Earth summit. Ref: http://www.un.org/esa/earthsummit/index.html Where Agenda 21 was first heard, the Rio declaration on Environment and Development, the Statement of Forest Principles, the United Nations Framework convention on Climate Change and the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. The topics that occurred in the summit were, by replacing fossil fuels with alternative energy and concern of the scarcity of water was brought to the world leaders attention. Ref: http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/enviro.html Agenda 21 is 300 pages, 40 chapters and 4 categories plan to achieving sustainable development for the 21st century. Ref: http://www.bgci.org/resources/article/0011/ The plan consists of social and economics dimensions includes dealing with poverty, promoting heath etc The conference also included a more relevant topic on conservation and management of resour ces for development which would cover how to combat poverty, stopping or minimizing forestation, controlling the level of pollution, protecting the environment and conserving biodiversity. There are 2 other topics which are strengthening the role of major groups that includes the roles of business workers, women and children. The last topic is means of implementation, which consist of education, science and technology. The most discussed topic that is addressed in the Kyoto Protocol from the United Nations framework Convention on climate change is the conservation and management of resources for development as combating global warming due to the current world affairs. The plan of the Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty for controlling the amount of green house gases that goes into the atmosphere to prevent further damage from global warming. Ref: http://unfccc.int/essential_background/kyoto_protocol/items/1678.php Agenda 21: Earths action plan annotated by Nicholas A. Robinson, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources Between 7th and 18th December 2009 there was a United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, the topic that started it off was Climate change: Global Risk, Challenges and Decisions where the most important messages was the climatic trends which is proving that the rate of emission had increased, climate changing dramatically and damages done the ocean and ice sheet. Another key message is social disruption where society is also the main suspect for the recent change in the climate. Another key message was long-term strategy which was implying to reduce intensive radioactivity in order to reduce the harm in global warming. Equity dimensions means to take into consideration the affect of the climate change on society. Another point was inaction is inexcusable which mean climate change will affect everything and what benefit they can gain from it such as job growth, restoration of the ecosystem. Finally the last message is meeting the challenge which means with the increase of emissions, can be overcome by the help of the public and private sector. This is done by allowing the society to have better knowledge of the current status. Ref: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-03/uoc-cg031209.php The accord of the conference was to endorse the continuation of the Kyoto Protocol, reducing emission form deforestation and needs to enhance removals of greenhouse gas emission by forest etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ criticism were not good as no decision was taken on whether to agree a legally binding successor to the Kyoto Protocol, only drafted by 5 countries, no real targets to achieve in emissions reductions and no international approach to technology etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Ref: http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/cop15/eng/l07.pdfThis shows that the COP15 was not successful enough to make a big change, but the knowledge among the public will allow the government to realize how important they take the climate change in this generation and for the next. Large scale constructions in the United Kingdom are owned by private investors or public. It is important for the planning to go accordingly and not dishearten and upset nearby residents or commuters. Housing estates built in the United Kingdom are mostly from private investors, where they have to go thought a long process with the council to determine whether or not they get a planning permission. Houses are producing approximately 30% of all energy consumed and Co2 emissions therefore companies are staring to develop new eco homes, where houses are designed lower carbon emissions or using renewable resources. Companies that have invested in projects have to seriously consider the problems they are going to face regarding environmental issues. As regular problems such as whether the structure or development will fit into the surrounding environment, what sort of structure is being built and considering the neighborhood. A good example of construction and development problem is Falmer stadium near the University of Brighton. As planning permission was give by Brighton and Hove city council, problem aroused from Lewes council as the stadium was planned for construction on the boundary between Brighton and Lewes. The village of Lewes was not happy due to the problems that will occur in the future such as traffic congestion, road blocks, pollution from vehicles and construction pollution. Problems they will be facing should not be brought to a small village. Ref: http://wapedia.mobi/en/Falmer_Stadium The Falmer for all group held a protest during the Liberal democrat meeting in 17th September 2006, as the FFA said that there was more than 5,000 residents of the Lewes district had signed a petition which opposed their councils court action. And a further hearing is scheduled for the 5th and 6th December. Ref: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/southern_counties/5255088.stm Though further debate and decis ions, the government decided to give the go ahead for the construction of Falmer stadium. Work commenced on the 17th December 2008 but the work on the actual stadium is not ready to start until April 2009. It has been said that the Falmer Stadium was one of the longest struggles for a football club to have their own stadium to be built. Ref: http://wapedia.mobi/en/Falmer_Stadium A good example of an eco friendly building is Jubilee library in Brighton, which was finished in 2004 with the overall cost of  £14,500,000. The library was designed to use the natural energy provided by suns light and wind from the south coast. The suns energy is gathered through the glazed wall in winter. The Solar shading and automatically opening vents will reduce solar glare in the summer. Water use is minimized by the collection and reuse of rainwater for toilet flushing. Heat created by equipment in the building is also reused but energy use has been minimized, as the building has a high thermal mass and a solid, heavy structure called Termodeck. Heat is stored in the floor and walls, being released slowly into surrounding areas as part of a low energy release ventilation and heating system. Instead of air conditioning, natural ventilation from sea breeze is released to cools the building, five meter high wind towers on the roof use the breeze to draw excess heat from the su mmer. By using sunlight, both quality of the environment and of reduction of energy consumption, will sustain a good surrounding environment. Ref: http://www.designinglibraries.org.uk/view/index.php?id=434831a73024a The building itself won several prestigious awards for design and good to the environment. In the recent years, society has been looking for houses which will save them money on utility bills and help save the environment from global warming therefore firms like Baufritz, a design and construction company using eco friendly timber framed. It is calculated that a typical house consumes 250 kWh/m^2 whilst Baufritzs consumes 40 kWh/m^2, a typical house uses 25 liters/m^2 of heating oil whilst Baufritz uses 4 liters/m^2 and brick work wall loses 0.45 W/m^2K though thermal transfer to exterior walls when Baufritiz lose 0.16 on a 400mm thick standard energy wall. The energy wall is constructed from an internal wall finish, plasterboard made from natural gypsum or other requested finish, natural plasterboard with protective shield against external high frequency radiation and low frequency electric fields, building paper to improve air tightness of wall, timber frame with fulfill cavity insulation made from wood shavings, wood fiberboard and external timber cladding with ventilat ed cavity. Ref: http://www.baufritz.co.uk/why_ecology.asp#diagram This concludes that world leaders are doing everything they can to come up with a solution for the concerning problem regarding global warming. Summits and conference are making a difference but not fast enough as Global warming has been an issue for the last 20 years. Although we are making slow and steady progress but if decisions and actions are not made sooner, this generation and the next will suffer. As the Earth summit hardly made an impact, Agenda 21 is still an important topic and plan that nations are still using. This report shows that most decisions made in COP15 are not legally binded therefore not much progress was made. Agenda 21 and Kyoto protocol was brought up in Copenhagen and a continuation of these objectives are in order. The Key messages in the conference were addressed and encouraged nations to do their best in securing a better future. The past conferences had made an impact on the society but not enough to slow down global warming fast enough. As shown on th is report, progress are being made in terms of civil engineering are like companies similar to Baufritz, which is encouraging society to invest in properties that allows them to benefit from the money saved on utilities bill as well as saving the environment. It is important for companies like Baufriz to have a smooth development and construction period unlike Falmer Stadium, which caused a lot of problems due to disruption to the nearby environment therefore putting home buyers off. The government showed a great example with Jubilee library in Brighton where its award winning for its eco friendliness speaks for itself. The library itself is a wonderful structure with the help of advancement on technology that allows it to be very energy efficient. As a whole, civil engineering has made changes in the past, present and will make changes for the future. With the help of governments, civil engineering gives a chance for society to independently help save the planet from global warming for the future generation. Sustainability for the future relies on the government to take further action to allow more eco developments and constructions to take place. With the societys knowledge growing about the rising threat, our chances to save the future is growing.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Symbolism and Realism Essay -- Symbolism Realism Literature Essays

Symbolism and Realism Symbolism and Realism were distinct but parallel literary movements that swept Europe and much of the world in the late 19th century. Social order was one of the main concerns of Symbolists and Realists, which reflects the unprecedented growth of the middle class and its values across Europe during that time period. Morality and ambition were homogenized – and, in some cases, institutionalized – to a degree never before seen in civilized society, and many intellectuals and artists saw this homogenization as a conformist social force that threatened individual perspective. Thus, Symbolists’ and Realists’ works lashed out against social institutions and values and were particularly concerned about the domestic sphere, because of its dependence on social norms and shaping effect on individual perceptions; were disturbed by the decaying effects of conformism; and were troubled by the disconnection between modern individuals. Moreover, Symbolists and Realists a rgue that these three themes of domesticity, decay, and disconnection are linked, a connection explored especially in the Symbolist Charles Baudelaire’s poem, â€Å"Spleen LXVIII† (1862), in the Realist Leo Tolstoy’s novella, The Death of Ivan Ilyich (1886), and in the Realist Anton Chekhov’s play, The Cherry Orchard (1903). Specifically, these authors argue that the various forms of modern domestic life lead to the ruination of substantial interpersonal connection. As long as one drowns in life’s tedium, asserts Baudelaire, the human experience and one’s connections with others decay. â€Å"Spleen LXVIII† describes a winter rain that pours â€Å"On corpses fading in the near graveyard, On foggy suburbs pours life’s tedium† (1550.II 3, 4), and, speaking of a ... ...orms in one way or another destroy one’s connections with other human beings. Not only does such focus on forms defy the social nature of humanity, creating generations of socially approved outcasts, but also it severely restricts the individual’s perspective by forcing it to conform to preordained, rigid structures, thereby suffocating the blessing of human creativity. Such restriction does not belong to modern civilization alone, however; creativity never exists without limit, for every society upholds rules of conduct that its members are taught to obey. Therefore, contemporary conformity is not new but rather reborn and strengthened. Correspondingly, the task of the modern citizen is ancient, but difficult in its originality: to strike a balance between creativity and conformity, between pursuing our own diverse forms and following the accepted forms of society.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

How do the poets represent the importance of roots in their poetry? E

How do the poets represent the importance of 'roots' in their poetry? Consider how the social and cultural identity of the poets is paramount to the development of the main themes. Other Cultures ============== How do the poets represent the importance of 'roots' in their poetry? Consider how the social and cultural identity of the poets is paramount to the development of the main themes. The four poems that I will be comparing all describe how the poets feel about their roots, background and cultural heritage. Although they are all based on the same issue, they have many different features that are quite different. John Agard is the author of 'Half-Caste'. He was born in Guyana and then moved to Britain in 1977. In 'Half-Caste' the poet is feeling discriminated and he wants to put across that he is one person and by calling him half-caste, they are taking away half of his identity. The author of 'Search For My Tongue' is Sujata Bhatt. She was born in India in 1956 and then moved to the USA in the 1960s. She now lives in Germany. In 'Search For My Tongue' the poet can speak two different languages, her original language and her second language, English. She is saying that her original language is being forgotten, but then discovers that it is returning and progressing. 'Nothing's Changed' was written in South Africa in 1997 by Tatamkhulu Afrika. The poem is autobiographical and was written after apartheid had been abolished in 1994. In 'Nothing's Changed' the poet is saying that even though apartheid had been abolished, he still feels that racism is still around him and he feels that nothing has changed. Moniza Alvi wrote 'Presents From My Aunts In Pakistan'. She was born in Pakistan in ... ...ates this she also wants to be able to feel the same way about her new home in Britain. Even though she says she is, 'of no fixed nationality', the poet still knows in her heart that she wants to celebrate and be proud of her roots in Pakistan. From reading and understanding the four poems, I have learnt that people from ethnic backgrounds can face terrible hardship and that even after large amounts of discrimination drilled into their heads, they still feel proud of their roots and identity. However I have also learnt that by having their roots discriminated against, losing their roots or even not knowing what exactly their roots are, can deeply sadden the people and make them irritated. People react differently to these and we should acknowledge that to make people in situations like those in the poems to feel happier and at ease with themselves.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Murder Most Foul

Hi, my name is Nick Kingson. I live in the suburb of London city. I live in an institute for homeless people. I have been here for the last past nine years. I am now 17 years old. During my nine years in the institution, my best friend has been David Bryant. He is like me but his past has a tragedy storey. His mother was black and his father was white. During a shopping trip, his parents were stepped in the parking area by white youths. David was only three then and couldn't do anything. When I heard his storey, I couldn't stop my tears. The tears were like a riverbank waiting to burst. Unlike him, my parents were with me until I was six. After that my father left my mum and went with another woman. As if that wasn't enough my mother died in a car accident. Later I found out that the accident occurred because she was drinking alcohol. I warned here about here addiction to alcohol and how it could get her into trouble, but she never listened. And know look where I am, a homeless teenager. The institute follows a strict rule like no television after ten, no smoking or drugs, etc. David and I didn't really fit in and we had plans. We didn't want to live here for the rest of our lives. The administrator of the institute had a close eye on David. After what happened to his parents, David didn't like white people. For some reason, David came very friendly with me and told me most of his secrets, even though I was white. I guess he trusted me and the things we had in common bought us closer together. On April 7th 2003, we made a plan to get out of the institute and find a place for ourselves, where there were no rules. During that night we got out of the institute and went into the city. What a site it was! The city had so many shops that I lost count of it after three minutes, imagine that. At the time we didn't have any money and we were starving. We decided to go to the local restaurants and ask them if they needed any help, and in return we get food. All of them refused our offer. It was probably because we didn't have any reference of previous employment and we could give them our address or telephone number. We didn't have one. It was mid-day now and we very getting really hungry. I felt like a balloon without air inside. I never felt like this because when we were in the institute, we got out food on time. We came across a shop that had food on display. Looking at it made our mouth watery. We had no choice; we took some of the food and ran as fast as we can. After running for half a mile, the shop owner stopped chasing us. We ate the food. At the moment I thought how we are going to survive. I lived most of my life in an institute and didn't know much about the outside world. It was getting dark and as we were walking around the street, we found an old abandoned house. It looked empty. So we decided to take the night there. We thought the back door will be open but it wasn't. We decided to break the glass a bit just enough to open the door. As we entered, we found the kitchen. It looked like if some one was there because there were bread and butter on the dinning table, and the fridge was full of allsorts of things, like milk, fruit juice etc. I told David to check downstairs while I go upstairs and check there. As I was checking the rooms, I heard a loud noise from downstairs. It looked like if an old lady screamed. I quickly ran down stairs and there I found an old lady lying near the fridge bleeding. The blood was all over the floor. I guess she lost about one liter of blood. I asked David what happened and he did speak. It was like if he went in to coma or something. I tried to wake the lady up but she kept lying on the floor. I smacked David and he finally woke up. I asked him what happened again and he kept on saying, â€Å"I didn't meaning it†. I asked to explain what happened and he said, â€Å"The lady walked in and saw me and then came up with her walking stick. I tried to stop her but she fell backwards on the metal fridge. † I told him it wasn't his fault. I didn't want to waste anymore time. We phoned the ambulance and told them about our location and what happened. After twenty minutes, the ambulance arrived, with them came the police. At that time I wanted to ran and leave the scene of the accident and then I thought if I did that I would look like a criminal. The doctor came firing though the front door. We stepped back. Just after that everything seemed like it was ok, but them the policeman walked thought the door. He asked us what happened and we told the whole truth. He took us into custody. We stayed in the prison cell over the night. The next morning the policeman walked through the door and he face projected a sad news. He told us that the old lady died in the hospital during the night. David placed his hand over his face and cried. I didn't feel it was his fault, but it was our fault for breaking in an entry and because of that an old lady died. The policeman told us from the evidence they gathered that we told the true story. I felt a bit relaxed but I wouldn't forget what happened. I will always have the cogence that I was responsible for a death. David took the death harder on himself. He felt that it was his fault. We had to do community sentence for 1 year. As time went on I got a bit better and came back to my self. On the other hand, David was still thinking about it. I told him about hundred of times but still he feels it's his fault. Our sentence passed quickly and we were back at the institute. The life went normal there. But to this date David is still thinking about what happened.